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Other socioeconomic factors can affect scores as well. Lower levels of education can reduce test scores, so someone with limited education may score a “false positive” for cognitive impairment, according to Ridha and Rossor, while a higher education level may mask symptoms of impairment. “The subject must possess the abilities to hear, talk, and see these abilities are required to complete the exam,” note Monroe and Carter. Also, sensory issues can distort results. Typical interpretation of the score is:īecause it relies on reading and writing skills, the MMSE can produce false positives for cognitive impairment among patients with limited literacy. The second part tests ability to name, follow verbal and written commands, write a sentence spontaneously, and copy a complex polygon the maximum score is 9,” according to Folstein. “The first part requires vocal responses only and covers orientation, memory, and attention the maximum score is 21. It can help identify and estimate the severity of cognitive impairment and serve as a marker for comparisons over time.Īvailable in multiple languages, the MMSE is a 30‐question assessment that tests orientation to time and place, repetition, verbal recall, attention and calculation, language and visual construction. It is a “brief, clinical, quantitative measure of cognitive status in adults” that can be completed in about 10 minutes, explain Monroe and Carter. The Folstein Mini-Mental Status Exam (MMSE) is “the most commonly used cognitive screening tool worldwide and remains the most thoroughly studied instrument to date,” according to Roqué-Figuls et al. This is why other tools for assessment of cognitive functioning are valuable. Yet it provides only a very limited picture of cognitive functioning. Mini-Mental Montreal Cognitive Assessment State Examination mild cognitive impairment.The BIMS is used for cognitive screening in nursing homes and is a component of the MDS. MoCA test better meets the criteria for screening tests for the detection of MCI among patients over 60 years of age than MMSE. For MMSE, it turned out that more important cut-off was of 27/28 (n = 882, 66.34% sensitivity and specificity of 72.94%). ROC curve analysis for MoCA demonstrated that MCI best detection can be achieved with a cut-off point of 24/25 (n = 9350, the sensitivity of 80.48% and specificity of 81.19%). The cut-offs are shown as ROC curve and accuracy of diagnosis for MoCA and MMSE was calculated as the area under the curve (AUC). Research credibility was established by computing weighted arithmetic mean, where weight is defined as population for which the result of sensitivity and specificity for the cut-off point was achieved. At the end, for the evaluation of MoCA 20, and MMSE 13 studies were qualified. Papers which met inclusion and exclusion criteria were chosen to be included in this review. The following medical subject headings were used in the search: mild cognitive impairment, mini-mental state examination, Montreal cognitive assessment, diagnostics value. MMSE credibility assessment in detecting MCI, while taking into consideration the sensitivity and specificity by cut-off points.Ī systematic literature search was carried out by the authors using EBSCO host Web, Wiley Online Library, Springer Link, Science Direct and Medline databases. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), was created as an alternative method for MMSE. Nowadays, the MiniMental State Examination (MMSE) is the most commonly used scale in cognitive function evaluation, albeit it is claimed to be imprecise for MCI detection. Screening tests play a crucial role in dementia diagnostics, thus they should be very sensitive for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) assessment.